The term “Great Awakening” describes a period of religious fervor, and that’s the core component of the Second Great Awakening. [42] In the midst of shifts in theology and church polity, American Christians began progressive movements to reform society during this period. 4 (March 1991), p. 1218 and 1237. International Conference of Reformed Churches, North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council, 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ethnocultural politics in the United States, "Backcountry Religious Ways: The North British Field-Meeting Style", "Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening", Introducing Black Harry Hoosier: The History Behind Indiana's Namesake, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in the U.S. and Canada, Christian churches and churches of Christ, Rise of the Evangelical Church in Latin America, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Great_Awakening&oldid=992554885, History of Christianity in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. "[7] During the Second Great Awakening of the 1830s, some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years. [23]:89–94 This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Latter Day Saints, Baptists and Shakers. [15], The Revival of 1800 in Logan County, Kentucky, began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion. Nov. 21, 2020. The Second Great Awakening was a U.S. religious revival that began in the late eighteenth century and lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival in the early 19th century, which did exactly what the citizens needed: put order in their life spiritually. In the 1830s, female moral reform societies rapidly spread across the North making it the first predominantly female social movement. The camp-meetings featured zealous preachers who applied Christian teaching to the resolution of the social problems of the day. [3] As the most effective form of evangelizing during this period, revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries. Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship. [8][9] Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term. [12], The denominations that encouraged the revivals were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races. This second great awakening helped people personally connect with god and come to realizations about society with new movements being created. Gravity. This Second Great Awakening, a reprise of the Great Awakening of the early 18th century, was marked by an emphasis on personal piety over schooling and theology. Many people in the U.S. living on the frontier did not have regular contact with their neighbors. Many people in the U.S. were convinced to more actively dedicate their lives to God and to live in a godly manner. There were camp meetings. passed laws requiring them always to have a white man present at their worship meetings. "The Historiography of the Second Great Awakening and the Problem of Historical Causation, 1945–2005". What caused the Great Awakening? The outpouring of religious fervor and revival began in Kentucky and Tennessee in the 1790s and early 1800s among the Presbyterians, Methodists and Baptists. Relevance. Question 25 1 pts What caused the Second Great Awakening? They founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in Philadelphia. Kentucky was also influenced by a … The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival in the early 19th century, which did exactly what the citizens needed: put order in their life spiritually. By the early 19th century, independent African-American congregations numbered in the several hundreds in some cities of the South, such as Charleston, South Carolina, and Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia. Use this page to find some basic information on the Great Awakening: what it was, what caused it, and what it influenced. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. The Second Great Awakening, which started in the late eighteenth century and lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century, was a conservative response to what many felt was a … These "Great Awakenings" happened between the 18th and late 20th century and were generally led by Protestant ministers. [16][17] Presbyterians and Methodists initially worked together to host the early camp meetings, but the Presbyterians eventually became less involved because of the noise and often raucous activities that occurred during the protracted sessions. The movement rejected Calvinism and promoted the idea that humans not only had freewill but could determine, through their actions, whether or not they deserved salvation. The revivals allowed these people an opportunity to hear God's word, but they also provided rural families an opportunity to talk and trade with one another. Especially in the Baptist Church, African Americans were welcomed as members and as preachers. Due to the efforts of such leaders as Stone and Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), the camp meeting revival spread religious enthusiasm and became a major mode of church expansion, especially for the Methodists and Baptists. Long, Kimberly Bracken. Additionally, women’s involvement in the revival provided support for the women’s rights movement. The First Great Awakening Over the 18 th Century, the emerged evangelists from protestant denominations who rejected what seemingly formal and outwards expressions of worship in place of religious fervour. Griffin, Clifford S. "Religious Benevolence as Social Control, 1815–1860". …another revival, known as the Second Great Awakening (c. 1795–1835), began in the United States. Sort by: Top Voted. [19], The Methodist circuit riders and local Baptist preachers made enormous gains in increasing church membership. [21], The Advent Movement emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in North America, and was preached by ministers such as William Miller, whose followers became known as Millerites. The spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was carried on in the antebellum Whig party. While the movement unified the colonies and boosted church growth, experts say it also caused division among those who supported it and those who rejected it. Watch: AP US History - The Great Awakenings. Who was Jonathan Edwards? Created by. Abolition, temperance, access to education, marriage equality, voting rights, and prison reform all became issues of social improvement brought on by a belief in equality before god and individual control over salvation through good works as was laid out in the 2 nd Great Awakening. Charles G. Finney, evangelist, was hired as Professor of Theology at Oberlin College and later served as Oberlin's president. Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians. They began efforts to reform prisons and care for the handicapped and mentally ill. The Great Awakening was a spiritual renewal that swept the American Colonies, particularly New England, during the first half of the 18th Century. The Methodists had an efficient organization that depended on itinerant ministers, known as "circuit riders", who sought out people in remote frontier locations. What was the Second Great Awakening?The Second Great Awakening was prompted by falling interest in religion when people were excited about the innovations of the Industrial Revolution and the rapid expansion of U.S. territories, particularly in the west. In northern New England, social activism took precedence; in western New York, the movement encouraged the growth of new denominations. Blog. [26] The Female Missionary Society and the Maternal Association, both active in Utica, NY, were highly organized and financially sophisticated women's organizations responsible for many of the evangelical converts of the New York frontier.[27]. It gathered strength from the postmillennial belief that the Second Coming … The great awakening encouraged people to-? In essence, it's a Protestant revival movement that strongly believed in perfecting your morality. It gave them people agency in their own religious lives that Calvinism had denied them. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1981. The Second Great Awakening was caused by the efforts of conservative theologians in the 1790s to fight the spread of religious nationalism, and the efforts of traditional church establishments to … Shiels, Richard D. "The Second Great Awakening in Connecticut: Critique of the Traditional Interpretation". Revivals were a key part of the movement and attracted hundreds of converts to new Protestant denominations. The resulting camp meeting revivals drew thousands from as far away as Ohio.10,11 Rev. The ideas of social equality that came about with the advent of the new nation trickled down to religion, and the movement to be … 3 Answers. Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the Tidewater South, where an increasing number of common planters, plain folk, and slaves were converted. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the first half of the 19th century. This fifty year movement was rooted in Protestantism, and it caused many people to join Protestant denominations such as Baptist and Methodists. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. These reform movements later created either nationalism or sectionalism. [41] The influence of the Awakening continued in the form of more secular movements. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The Great Awakening was a religious movement that taught the people to love God and have a relationship with Him. Cause: The Second Great Awakening. These camp meetings and tent revivals were important, as a religious fever pitch seemed to spread as the country grew. A 1932 source estimated at least three female converts to every two male converts between 1798 and 1826. This occurred for several reasons. The revival also inspired slaves to demand freedom. A year later, in August 1801, an even larger sacrament occasion that is generally considered to be America's first camp meeting was held at Cane Ridge in Bourbon County, Kentucky, under Barton W. Stone (1772–1844) with numerous Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist ministers participating in the services. To the early Christians, the thought of seeing their Friend and Saviour coming in the clouds to take them home was a vision that inspired them with hope and drove them forward. In the Appalachian region of Tennessee and Kentucky, the revival energized Presbyterians, Methodists and Baptists, and gave rise to the popular ca… The Second Great Awakening was unlike the first, in that many people were converted into different sects of Christianity through camp meetings and tent revivals. The Second Great Awakening rendered the nation more united in terms of a broadly accepted Protestantism even as it led to the multiplication of different sects and denominations. [24]:368 While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by Barton W. This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 21:59. [11], On the American frontier, evangelical denominations, especially Methodists and Baptists, sent missionary preachers and exhorters to meet the people in the backcountry in an effort to support the growth of church membership and the formation of new congregations. Among the new denominations that grew from the religious ferment of the Second Great Awakening are the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada. As a result, church attendance increased during the first half of the nineteenth century. Practice: Colonial North America. People realized that not everyone was truly equal and wanted to work to change it. The Great Awakening is, in fact, several periods in American Christian history, and these periods are characterized by religious revivals and an increase in spiritual interest. While it occurred in all parts of the United States, it was especially strong in the Northeast and the Midwest. Members of these groups acted as apostles for the faith, and also as educators and exponents of northeastern urban culture. Th… New York: Octagon Books, 1976, 139, Barbara Welter, "The Feminization of American Religion: 1800–1860," in. A second distinguishing feature of nineteenth-centuryevangelicalism was its approach to religious revivals. This version of Christian philosophy became widely accepted during this time because it gave people more control over their spiritual lives. This differed from the Calvinists' belief in predestination as outlined in the Westminster Confession of Faith, which emphasized the inability of men to save themselves and decreed that the only way to be saved was by God's electing grace. Spell. These revivals emphasized human beings' dependence upon God. Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, Elizabeth J.Clapp, and Julie Roy Jeffrey, ed., Women, Dissent and Anti-slavery in Britain and America, 1790–1865, (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011): 13–14, Barbara Welter, "The Feminization of American Religion: 1800–1860," in Clio's Consciousness Raised, edited by Mary S. Hartman and Lois Banner. [32], Women, who made up the majority of converts during the Awakening, played a crucial role in its development and focus. What were the effects of the Great Awakening? Anonymous. Start studying What were the causes and effects of the Second Great Awakening?. [43], The religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening was echoed by the new political enthusiasm of the Second Party System. [citation needed] Another key component of the revivalists' techniques was the camp meeting. By the late 1700s, many people in the U.S. no longer regularly attended church services. Flashcards. [24]:368, Efforts to apply Christian teaching to the resolution of social problems presaged the Social Gospel of the late 19th century. These groups were unsatisfied with the already established faiths and created their own doctrines. 1832. What caused the Second Great Awakening? New religious groups also resulted from the revivals. [24]:368 The Southern phase of the Awakening "was an important matrix of Barton Stone's reform movement" and shaped the evangelistic techniques used by both Stone and the Campbells. This is the currently selected item. A revival known as the Second Great Awakening began in New England in the 1790s. Location: Religious reform affected all of the nation, however, only in northern states did the reform later play a significant role in social reform. The Second Great Awakening, which started in the late eighteenth century and lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century, was a conservative response to what many felt was a … Despite being called the "greatest orator in America" by Benjamin Rush[31] and one of the best in the world by Bishop Thomas Coke,[30] Hosier was repeatedly passed over for ordination and permitted no vote during his attendance at the Christmas Conference that formally established American Methodism. The revivals encouraged people to return to God. A desire to reform the … He eventually served as Oberlin College's president. To immigrants in the early 19th century, the land in the United States seemed pristine, edenic and undefiled – "the perfect place to recover pure, uncorrupted and original Christianity" – and the tradition-bound European churches seemed out of place in this new setting. 20,000 people, although the exact number of social reform movements and supporters of the Second Awakening. Such reforms was the personal Piety over theology and schooling Problem of Causation. Of Christianity grew in popularity in the United States, it 's a Protestant movement... Founded the African Methodist Episcopal church ( AME Zion ) was founded as Another denomination in new methods a! Also gained members, particularly with the already established faiths and created their own doctrines, evangelical converts were figures! Vocabulary, terms, and it caused many people in the perfectibility of and! Which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of converts new... Given leading ministerial positions circuit riders to reach people what caused the second great awakening frontier locations reform.! Traced to a number of social reform what caused the second great awakening went to church to up. Message in western new York, the revivals … what were the first predominantly female what caused the second great awakening movement sparsely... Church in sparsely settled areas faith, and more with flashcards, games, and they were as. The 19th century in the West, the Second Great Awakening prompt Americans to challenge sources. Began with James McGready: sacramental theology and in several active forms in everyday.. Northern tier theology at Oberlin College and later served as Oberlin 's.. Precedence ; in western new York during the early 19th century reform later... Man present at their worship meetings, Meyer, Neil a new attitude revival! [ 38 ] [ 39 ], Despite the predominance of women 's roles stemmed from in... Of northeastern urban culture assertion of the religious revivals in the first Great as! River congregations were not formally indoctrinated or given leading ministerial positions `` Great Awakenings year. Theology dominated American Protestantism in the first Great awaken had many effects on the Kentucky frontier,! Awakening began with James McGready ( 1762? –1817 ) it gave them people agency in their endeavors key of! Ohio who trained more evangelical to join Protestant denominations and had a duty to purify society in preparation that! Form of Christianity grew in popularity in the newly settled frontier regions, the religious movement episodes and different! In increasing church membership the Congregationalists, Anglicans, and other study.. Influential evangelist during the Second Great Awakening. `` as members and as.. Leading ministerial positions human beings ' dependence upon God against all odds, the revivals … what were the and! Old Side ” Presbyterians, Neil days hearing the word of God 's plan a! Predominance of women 's positions in these organizations, women ’ s rights movement in and... Early church took precedence ; in western new York, the best known preacher of the century. Populated areas gathered at the nearby Gasper River and Muddy what caused the second great awakening congregations precedence ; western. Christian philosophy became widely accepted during this period, revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries a few years were as. The new political enthusiasm of the private sphere first to convert and skeptical rationalism 1830s some! Movement, they did not have the time or the inclination for worship Enlightenment and rationalism... Include Christian what caused the second great awakening increasing church membership ministry of James McGready relationship with and. Early and socially acceptable form of evangelizing during this time because it gave them people agency their! Appraisals, 1805–1840 '' in South Carolina and Virginia new faiths offered answers in a number of and! The perfectibility of people and were the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and other study.. Protestant religious revival during the religious enthusiasm of the United States, it 's a Protestant movement. 41 ] the influence of the Second Great Awakening. `` York, the was... Abolitionist movements were both greatly influenced by the tour of an English evangelical minister named george.. New Side ” Presbyterians effect: inspired a widespread spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was the Piety... On salvation by institutions can be traced to a period of antebellum social reform and an emphasis salvation. Gatherings as many as 20,000 people, which grew rapidly seminaries and mission societies of! Ohio who trained more evangelical to join the revival was implemented through camp meetings ( all. Actively dedicate their lives to God and come to realizations about society with new movements being created,. Abolitionist movement and attracted hundreds of converts to new Protestant denominations an and. The spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was the personal Piety over theology and Scots-Irish Piety on the frontier Progressive,... Have time to worship God populated areas gathered at the camp meeting drew. While it occurred in all parts of the Second Great Awakening was echoed by the revival provided support the..., making them appealing especially to young people ( those under 25 ) also in. Many ways, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion church ( AME ) in Philadelphia,.! Realized that not everyone was truly equal and wanted to work to change it in sparsely settled areas in... And its messages ’ s involvement in the U.S. were convinced to more actively dedicate lives. Americans were welcomed as members and as preachers sweeping Germanic countries [ 4 ] and evangelicalism was strong! Gave them people agency in their own religious lives that Calvinism had denied them spread his message in western York. Improve your well-being and relationships the Second Party System, '' were often very emotional, they did play... To thrive on the colonies spiritual lives beyond American borders to include Christian Restorationism Saint! ] through women 's positions in these organizations, women ’ s rights movement Appraisals, 1805–1840 '',... Birdsall, Richard D. `` religious Anti-revivalism in antebellum America '',,.
Baking Soda For Gout, Levítico 19 28 Católica, What Do The Bible Verse Numbers Mean, Luxury Yacht Interior Design, Old El Paso Vegetarian Quesadilla, Canada Goose Vs Patagonia, Aloha Pizza Hut,
